Government type: Federal Republic
Administrative subdivisions: 31 states and a Federal District operating under a centralized government.
Independence: First proclaimed September 16, 1821 (from Spain); Republic established in 1824.
Constitution: February 5, 1917.
Branches:
Executive–President Felipe Calderon (from December 2006 to 2012) of the conservative PAN party.
The President is both chief of state and head of government.
The president is elected by universal adult suffrage for a 6-year term and may not hold office a second time.
After 70 years of dominance by the Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI), in 2000 the Partido Acción Nacional (PAN) won the elections for Presidency through its candidate Vicente Fox, succeeded by another candidate of the same party.
Legislative— Congress is composed of a Senate and a Chamber of Deputies. Consecutive re-election is prohibited. Senators are elected to 6-year terms, and deputies serve 3-year terms. It comprises 128 Senators and 500 Deputies of the following parties (in 2009 after the July elections):
Chamber of Senators
PAN 52
PRI 33
PRD 26
PVEM 6
CD 5
PT 5
Independent 1
Chamber of Deputies
PRI 237
PAN 143
PRD 69
PVEM 21
PT 13
Nueva Alianza 9
CD 8
Political parties: Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), National Action Party (PAN), Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD), Green Ecological Party (PVEM), Labor Party (PT), Convergence for Democracy (CD).
Judicial–Supreme Court, local and federal systems.
The judiciary is divided into federal and state court systems, with federal courts having jurisdiction over most civil cases and those involving major felonies. Trial is by judge, not jury. Supreme Court justices are appointed by the president and approved by the Senate.
Suffrage: Universal at 18.
Source: Source: World Fact Book (CIA), verfied with own research